selected publications

A more comprehensive list of publications may be found in the CV section, including those prior to 1995. The live links on the listing in this page open up as PDFs . More texts will be added to this listing gradually, as time goes by. A few papers may be found here.

2023

– “Listing, Listing: A Complaint in 62 Sestudes,” in arts + letters

– “First Date Sofa,” in Under Your Pillow: An Anthology of Erotic Verse, ed. by Wendy Allen and Charley Barnes, Kingstone: Victorina Press

2022

– “The Mole”, Fish Anthology 2022 (honorary mention in the Short Memoir Section)

– “Past Desire,” Ambit 246

published by Open Book.


In this intimate memoir, Ruth Rosengarten explores the subject of memory and how it attaches to objects. Such objects serve as relics or tokens, souvenirs or keepsakes, becoming memorials to past selves and lost loves. But if what we call a self is constituted by memory, it is also the cracks and flaws in our memory, Rosengarten urges, that certain objects address.

Deploying the notion of evocative objects as things through which to think and feel, Ruth Rosengarten touches on her family’s migrations, her experiences of loss, the relationship between the two facets of her work as a visual artist and writer, and what the idea of legacy might mean for a woman without descendants. Memory work, she argues, entails an excavation and bricolage of documentary evidence, material traces, speculation and invention. Practicing a form of free association, Rosengarten brings her readings of works of literature and visual art into the mix.

Addressing love, loss and longing, these essays offer an interdisciplinary approach to collecting and compiling life fragments through the material entities that come to embody them. This book is sure to engage anyone stimulated by memory work and the compulsion both to collect and to declutter.

endorsements

Photographs, shopping lists, cigarette lighters, locks of hair, glasses, dentures— the stuff of a life lived and remembered across the times and spaces of exile and migration. Second Chance invites us to go back to the things we have saved, enriched by Rosengarten’s deep reflections on our lives with things.

Marianne Hirsch, Author of The Generation of Postmemory

Exquisite, expansive and achingly tender, Rosengarten navigates memory, loss and human consciousness in a way which is both deeply original and entirely lacking in sentimentality. I loved it.

Julie Myerson, Author of Nonfiction

I have been reading this melancholy and life-enhancing book at a time of mourning in my own life. Ruth Rosengarten has beamed rays of solace and solidarity into my heart and mind. The process Freud called cathexis is illuminated by a writer whose hard-won lucidity and mature wisdom shine out on page after page. In a book saturated with love and sorrow, something like hope emerges from the author’s ability—an uncanny dialectic of reason and emotion as well as a synthesis of her remarkable visual and verbal gifts—to recover the past from evocative objects, synecdoches for loved ones whose future is literally in our hands. The author’s own recovery depends on the recovery of objects. Even so, time never stops not passing, in the phrase of Lanzmann, who would have loved this book. Absence and presence are one. Ruth Rosengarten’s beautiful work is what Paul Celan called a Zeitgehöft, a homestead of time, indeed a Timestead. In the land of lost content, Barthes and Sontag, Sebald and Boltanski, Hiller and Bourgeois smile their approval at this work of love, a making of distinctiveness and distinction.

Anthony Rudolf, Author of Journey Around my Apartment and Silent Conversations

The opening words…

SITUATING

I was a child, perhaps eleven or twelve years old, when it occurred to me that there existed a link between things—I mean physical things, material objects—and grief. That realisation seeped through me like a blooming of ink when I understood that the cat had gone but the water bowl remained. Imbued with a no-longer-usefulness, that water bowl was imprinted with absence. Previously a mute and unexceptional object, it had been transformed into an emblem of sorrow, a fetish occupying the site of loss.

This was maybe two or three years after I realised for the first time that one day, not only would my parents be dead, but also: my younger brother, my newly born sister and I myself. We would all, one day, be dead. There would be no 'I' to think thoughts or fret or know things. How to think about nothing, an absence in the place of this vital knot of feelings that was me?

Thinking of my future deadness (and of course, this is me, now, thinking of my past-future deadness), I knew (I know) that what mattered to me about that cat’s water bowl—about all my future dogs’ bowls and chewed toys (the ones that look like roadkill), the special pencil stub and musty handkerchief with its stencil of my mother’s lipstick lips; boxes of letters and photographs; my father’s hairbrush and Seven Star diary; that battered edition of The Mersey Sound, with its too-long, childish dedication in the hand of a  friend who was my idol and my rival; the talismanic trinkets (a brooch in the shape of a pig, a tin St Christopher) given by lovers and now signifying nothing so much as the loss of love, as though one could ever have really possessed it—what mattered about those things would evaporate with the extinguishing of my consciousness. Someone will one day throw all that away.

Without me, it will become mere stuff, junk.

chewed dog toys, remains

2019

vivan sundaram 2.jpg

“Ruth Rosengarten explores how, from the 1990s, Sundaram’s practice has become paradigmatic of a mode of work that might be defined at one level as curatorial—where the location of production and that of public display converge. He began using photography as a more active agent in his work in the 1990s; a change that coincided with his abandonment of painting as a practice and his engagement with installation. Rosengarten highlights the fact that incorporation of photography into his installations is only one aspect of Sundaram’s simultaneous recruitment of multiple sources, materials, and technologies. Moreover, the idea of photographs as archival documents sits alongside his engagement with other forms of archival material through which he (re)assembles and orders the past.”

– “Letting Georgia Go: Lydia Bauman’s New Mexico Paintings,” essay, exhibition catalogue Lydia Bauman: Looking for Georgia, The Mall Galleries, London.

–“Surviving Objects,” Life Writing Projects, University of Sussex.

2018

– “The Vernacular Under Pressure from the Digital: Vivan Sundaram’s Re-Take of Amrita, in Critical Arts, 32:1.

2017

– “Performing for the Camera,Photography & Culture, 9:2.

– with Carla Cerqueira, “Interview with Ruth Rosengarten: Feminist photography today is diverse and fairly elastic, rather than fixated on the old binaries, in Comunicação e Sociedade, 17.

2015

– “Constructing Worlds: Photography and Architecture in the Modern Age,” in Photography & Culture, 8:3.

_ “… and death, i think, is no parenthesis: the aged, the ill and the dying in contemporary photographic practice,” in Critical Arts: South-North Cultural and Media Studies, 23:1.

“Arrested Development: Death in the Family Album,” in Wide Angle: Photography as Participatory Practice, edited by Terry Kurgan and Tracy Murinik, Johannesburg: Fourthwall Books.

– “Power Play,” in Garage Magazine No. 8: Spring/Summer, 114-119

2014

– “Do Arquivo à Instalação, no trabalho de Umrao Singh Sher-Gil e do neto Vivan Sundaram’, in O Império da Visão: Fotografia no Contexto Colonial Português, ed. Filipa Lowndes Vicente, Lisbon: Edições ’70.

This essay tracks the passage, in the work of Indian artist Vivan Sundaram, from archive to work of art. Sundaram has, in his long career, mined historical and public archives, but the work for which he first became famous outside of India was Re-Take of Amrita, a series of constructed photographs using “found photographs”: an archive of images made by his grandfather, Umrao Singh Sher-Gil, of Amrita Sher-Gil, Sundaram’s aunty. Amrita, who died when she was only 28, mythologised by her family and by the public at large, becomes the focus, in this body of work, of an exploration into memory, desire, and class, as well as an investigation into the so-called realist remit of photography.

– “The Future-Past: Competing Temporalities of the Ruin: Ruin Lust,” londongrip.co.uk, April.

– “Matisse’s Startling Late Works: The Cutouts,” londongrip.co.uk, April.

“Giving Form to Pleasure: António Dacosta Reviewed,” essay in exhibition catalogue António Dacosta 1914/2014, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon

– “Maternal Exposures: Review of Home Truths: Photography, Motherhood and Identity at the Photographer’s Gallery and the Foundling Museum, London, Photography & Culture, November 2014.

2013

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– Between Memory and Document: The Archival Turn in Contemporary Art, available as an e-book, Lisbon: Berardo Museum of Contemporary Art.

“Between Memory and Document: the Archival Turn in Contemporary Art is the sixth book in the series "Sem Título" (Untitled). An essay by Ruth Rosengarten on the links between photography and the archive in contemporary art, plotting a personal trajectory through the works of the Berardo Collection by linking artists such as Marcel Duchamp, Anselm Kiefer, Hiroshi Sugimoto and Bernd and Hilla Becher. Beside the text, now published in English, the book includes colour reproductions of the works selected. Available in English only as an e-book: Kindle edition available at Amazon, iOS edition available at iTunes, and EPUB available at Scribd, Kobo and eBookPie. This essay was first published in Portuguese as a printed book, with the title Entre Memória e Documento: a Viragem Arquivística na Arte Contemporânea.

– “How Close is Closer: The Work of Dayanita Singh,’ londongrip.co.uk, November.

– “Minding Matter: Daniel Silver’s Dig in its contemporary context,” londongrip.co.uk, November.

– “The Landscape from the Studio: New Work by João Salema,” catalogue text for solo exhibition, João Salema: Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow, Rooster Gallery, New York.

"Bringing the Outside In: On Two Exhibitions of ‘Outsider Art’ in London,” londongrip.co.uk

2012

Entre Memória e Documento, Lisbon: Museu Colecção Berardo, Edições ‘Sem Títulonº 6.

– “Passing by, Stopping, Walking on: Urban Sketching in Context,” in Urban Sketchers in Lisbon: Drawing the City, Quimera, Lisbon.

– “Ana Vidigal’s House of Secrets,” catalogue House of Secrets: Ana Vidigal, Lisbon: Insituto Superior Técnico

2011

Narrating the Family Romance

“Rosengarten explores the narrative operations of Rego's work by mobilising both psychoanalytic theory and social history. She confronts, as case studies, three complex figure paintings from different moments in Rego's oeuvre: The Policeman's Daughter (1987), The Interrogator's Garden (2000), and The First Mass in Brazil (1993). The content of the three specimen paintings links them to the political context of the Estado Novo, the fascist-inspired regime that dominated Rego's childhood. Plotting links between the spheres of the political and the personal, Rosengarten throws light on the complex intertwining of state power and parental authority in Rego's work, focusing on the "labour of socialisation and resistance" that Rego's work evinces in relation to the Freudian model of the family romance. In probing the link between love and authority, this study offers a reading of Rego's work that interrogates, rather than subverts, the Oedipal model structuring the patriarchal family.”

– “From Eye to Hand and Back Again: The Artist’s Sketchbook/ Dos Olhos para as Mãos, e Volta: O Diário Gráfico de Artista,” in Eduardo Salavisa: Cape Verdean Sketchbook/ Diário de Viagem em Cabo Verde, Lisbon: Quimera.

2010

– “Fra Angelico to Leonardo,” London Grip, May.

– “Crushed, Crumpled, Transformed: The Work of Angela de la Cruz,” London Grip, April.

– “The Intimate and the Beautiful: Elinor Carucci in Context,” London Grip, February

2009

– “Heaven and Earth: The Work of Richard Long,” in London Grip, May.

“Living and working in England since 1976, Paula Rego has become well known for her complex narrative paintings and drawings. She has consistently shaped questions of identity formation in relation to Portugal, the country of her birth, probing the ways in which the visual culture that informed her childhood might be re-imagined in relation to questions around patriarchy and political power. Rosengarten unveils the political context of Portugal under Salazar, and the workings of colonial fantasy, Catholic ideology and gender construction.”

– “The Art of Relating: Fernanda Fragateiro in Context,’ in dardo magazine, 11, pp. 106-131.

– “Um Olhar sobre o corpo marginal: O caso da Vénus Hotentote,” in Margens: Arte Contemporânea, ed. Sara Antónia Matos, Montemor-o-Novo: Edições Montemor-o-Novo.

2008

- Drawings for João de Pina Cabral, Aromas de Urze e d Lama, revised second edition with new drawings, Lisbon: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, Lisbon.

“Publication of mixed media works made in 2008 in response to the text, first written and published in the 1980s. The black and white works, which combine collaged photographs and line drawing, were based on a series of photographs taken by Rosengarten while accompanying the author, to whom she was then married, on his anthroplogical fieldwork in the Minho region of northern Portugal in the late 1970s.”

– “Uma História Natural de Sonolência/ A Natural History of Drowsiness,” essay, exhibition catalogue, Susanne Themlitz: O Estado de Sonolência/ The State of Drowsiness, Culturgest, Lisbon.

-   “A pintura da vida moderna: a fotografia contemporânea e o quotidiano,” in Revista de comunicações e linguagens, ed. Margarida Medeiros, 39, June.

2007

– “An Impossible Love: Subjection and Embodiment in Paula Rego’s Possession,” Art History, 30:1. 83-103.

– “The Painting of Modern Life: Contemporary Photography and the Everyday” in London Grip, May.

– “Um Olhar sobre o corpo marginal: O caso da Vénus Hotentote,” in Margens: Arte Contemporânea, ed. Sara Antónia Matos, Montemor-o-Novo: Edições Montemor-o-Novo, 2007

2005

Kentridge - seven fragments.jpg

“The Shadow of the Object: William Kentridge and the Future-Past,” essay published as Seven Fragments for Georges Méliès and Other Works by William Kentridge, catalogue, Museu do Chiado, Lisbon.

Journey to the Moon, Day for Night and Seven Fragments for Georges Méliès (all of 2003) were conceived together to constitute a film installation. Shot in black and white, their texture and tonality is continuous with that of William Kentridge’s earlier, celebrated Drawings for Projection. Kentridge’s evocation of early cinema in the use of monochrome, the figures moving in and out of the frame rather than followed by tracking shots, the use of reverse-shooting and the manipulation of the speed of filming and projection  interrupts the homogenizing workings of suture: the sum of procedures that constitute cinematic interpellation by encouraging the spectator’s gaze to be identified with that of the camera. This long essay explores the ways in which these techniques are put at the service of Kentridge’s meditation on time and memory. Together, these works hold future and past in a fine balance through the interplay of all that is possible, and all that is lost but kept psychically alive.

– “The Kiss of the Spider Woman: Fátima Mendonça’s Art of Seduction,’ in Fátima Mendonça: More... More... More, so that you love me more, Lisbon, Culturgest.

– “Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Relendo Rosalind Krauss,” in MArte, 1

– “This flesh I purchased with my pains: Paula Rego’s Life of the Virgin” / “Esta carne que resgatei com as minhas dores: A Vida da Virgem, de Paula Rego,” in A Vida da Virgem de Paula Rego, Lisbon, Presidência da Republica.

"Material Ghosts: Terry Kurgan's Park Pictures," in Johannesburg Circa Now, Johannesburg: published by Terry Kurgan and Jo Ractliffe, Johannesburg.

2004

– (editor) Compreender Paula Rego, Lisbon, Edições Público/Serralves.

“Ruth Rosengarten is one of the most influential critics writing on the work of Paula Rego. The work, published on the occasion of Rego’s retrospective exhibition at the Serralves Museum in Oporto, includes a selection of texts, most of them not well known in Portugal, and includes seventy illustrated works.” The twenty five texts published here, with an introduction by Ruth Rosengarten, include essays and articles by Victor Williang, Lynne Cooke, Germaine Greer, John McEwen, Marcia Pointon, Memory Holloway, Marco Livingstone, Maria Manuel Lisboa, Fiona Bradley, Waldemar Januszczak, Pedro Lapa, Maggie Gee, Ana Gabriela Macedo, Ana Marques Gastão and Marina Warner.”

– “Possessed: Love and Authority in the Work of Paula Rego,” / “Corpos Possuídos: Amor e Autoridade na Obra de Paula Rego,” catalogue essay in Paula Rego, exhibition catalogue/monograph, Museu Serralves, Oporto.

– With Jessica Dubow) “History as the main complaint: William Kentridge and the making of post-apartheid South Africa,” Art History, 27:4.

2003

– “Symptoms and Secrets: The Parallel Production of Ana Vidigal,” essay in Ana Vidigal, Lisbon: Assirio & Alvim. Reprinted with some changes in the catalogue Ana Vidigal: Menina limpa menina suja/Clean Girl Dirty Girl, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon, 2010.

–”Brief Encounter: Paula Rego and António Tabucch,”/ ‘Um Encontro Breve: Paula Rego e Antonio Tabucchi, in Fogo - Fuoco- Fire, Lisbon: Inapa/Ratton.

– “A Space of Muffled Melancholy: Photographs by Lucia Vasconcelos,” essay in Da História às Imagens, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, Oeiras, Portugal.

– “Conhecendo o Outro: a visualização e representação da ‘Africa’ e da ‘Mulher’ em Freud, Picasso e Conrad,” (Knowing the Other: the visualisation and representation of “Africa” and “Woman” in Freud, Picasso and Conrad), Revista Portuguesa de Psicanálise, March 2003.

2002

– Drawings for Helder Moura Pereira, Os Poemas do Coelho Ramon, Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim.

Illustrations for a suite of children’s poems by Helder Moura Pereira, dealing with extinction, survival, the relationship between animal life and food and many more topics…

“Com o Suor do Rosto/ With the Sweat of Your Brow: New Work by Cristina Ataide,” in Com o Suor do Rosto: Cristina Ataíde, exhibition catalogue, Museu Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior, Castelo Branco, Portugal.

– “Fiat Lux: The dark new paintings of João Salema,” essay in exhibition catalogue, João Salema, Galeria Borres & Malo, Cáceres, Spain.

2001

– “Uma Cozinha Própria: O Livro da Rute Revisitado / ‘A Kitchen of one’s own: The Book of Ruth Revisited," in The Bible (twenty writers revisit biblical stories, books cloth bound and presented as a collection), Lisbon: Três Sinais .

“This was part of set of twenty essay-length book. In this essay, Rosengarten re-read the Book of Ruth as a parable of the transactions that occur within Patriarchy. ‘What has Ruth gained and what has she lost? Well, she has lost the link of contiguity, any claim to a matrilineal connection. She has given up her mother in order to give a son a Name. This is not a love story; it is a narrative about shrewdness and strategy, legitimacy and legitimation, land and inheritance, patriarchy and alliance, ancestors and property, fertility and posession. It is a narrative, in other word, of policies and politics; sexual politics specifically, kinship policies in general. The Levirate is that Law whereby the dissolution of a couple through death brings about the enactment of a series of rights and obligations that are attached to the notion of ‘marriage’ and that insure the continuity of the male line: women and land are a link in that chain. In this context, as in the context of so many , we see the extent to which marriage for love a modern and not universal construct.’”

– “The Remains of the Day,” essay in Isabel Sabino, exhibition catalogue, Enes Arte Contemporânea, Lisbon.


2000

(With Paulo Reis), “So much water, such a wide sea: an extended conversation,” in catalogue of jointly curated exhibition of Portuguese and Brazilian contemporary art, Um Oceano Inteiro Para Nadar/Spanning an Entire Ocean, Culturgest, Lisbon.

oceano inteiro.jpeg

This exhibition, timed to coincide with the commemorations of the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese “discovery” of Brazil, aimed to unpack the tropes of first contact, tropicalism and discovery itself of course. “In 1500, Portugal, now separate from the Spanish Crown, was a powerful kingdom whose conquest of uncharted territories owed itself to the navigation of previously unknown seas. Brazil was the land inhabited by ‘reddish mulattos, well-formed, with good faces, good noses,’ according to the testimony of Pero Vaz de Caminha, the first historian to document the Portuguese arrival at terras brasilis. […] In the present period of historical revisions, both Brazil and Portugal need to articulate […] the frequently ambivalent cultural and affective ties that link them. What do these two nations have in common, other than the historical fact of one having been colonizer and the other colonized? […] Where the ideology of a ‘great civilization’ affirms itself, an earlier history is necessarily erased. Power is always at the expense of someone. This is the narrative thread linking all colonial histories. In this process, each individual, patronisingly regarded as a ‘poor savage,’ must rapidly ‘mature’ (and here, the state of ‘innocence’ of the natives is allied to a metaphysics of childhood) in order to accomodate him/herself to life in the new State. This process affects both sides, both colonised and coloniser.”

– “Ângela Ferreira: A diversidade de meios na unicidade de ideias,” Artlink, December.

– (With Ana Vidigal) O Véu da Noiva / The Bridal Veil, Lisbon: author’s edition.

– “Queda Livre: Ana Hatherly em conversa com Ruth Rosengarten,” Revista Arte Ibérica, Lisbon, February.

– (with Tony Godfrey), Graça Pereira Coutinho, Lisbon: Editora Estar.

– Interview with Douglas Gordon in Il t’aime. Déja-Vu: Douglas Gordon, Questions and Answers, Volume 3, Paris, Musée dd’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.

1999

Manhattan Diaries

– (With Lucia Vasconcelos), Manhattan Diaries, Lisbon, Author’s edition.

In this collaborative book, Lucia’s black and white photographs of Manhattan (from several trips in the 1990s) are placed alongside Ruth’s short, impressionistic texts, which combine observations of the city with moody ruminations on trave, on loneliness and on disappointment. The texts and images speak to each other without being properly speaking illustrative.

“Meetings and missed encounters: us in the age of mechanical (voice) production, twisted by this technology which is really an extention of the body, M. writes in an email I’ve printed out and brought with me. The silences are too silent because one is all the time wired up for communication. Hooked up. Line-feeders, as M. puts it. Printing out e-mails and travelling with them as material objects – one of the contradictions of being still embodied, not quite post-human yet […]

In 1711, under English colonial rule, a slave market was set up at the foot of Wall Street […]

In The Invention of Solitude, Paul Auster, one of the chroniclers of New York, writes the Books of Memory which bridge his perception of his dying father, never properly known, to his little son. ‘He remembers going to the Circus at Madison Square Gardens with his grandfather and taking a ring off the finger of an eight and a half foot giant at the sideshow for fifty cents. He is able to put four of his fingers through the ring.  The colossus is the image of externality and otherness.

– “Douglas Gordon,” Revista Arte Ibérica, Lisbon, January.

– “Nurturing the Adult Within: Recent Drawings and etchings by Paula Rego,” essay in Open Secrets: Recent Drawings and Etchings by Paula Rego, exhibition catalogue, University of Dartmouth, Massachuesetts, USA and Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Paris; exhibition jointly curated with Memory Holloway.

– “The Pot Calling the Kettle Black,” in Grey Areas: Identity, Politics, and Representation in Contemporary South African Art, Co-editors: Brenda Atkinson and Candice Breitz, Johannesburg: Chalkham Hill Press.

– “Da pintura para a ficção: Entrevista com João Penalva, Revista Arte Ibérica, 21, February.

– “Mapping a Landscape of Desire: Recent work by Fátima Mendonça,” essay in Fátima Mendonça, Galeria Fernando Santos, Oporto, November.

– “Yes and no, in other words:António Dacosta,” essay in António Dacosta, exhibition catalogue, Bermuda National Gallery, Bermuda.

– “Laying cultural foundations,” Tate Magazine, London, spring.

– “ Unfolding dimly along the blind course of time: an appraisal of the work of Mário Botas,” catalogue essay, Retrospective exhibition Mário Botas, Centro Cultural de Belém, Lisbon.

– “Tyranny Against Nature and Reason: New Work by Rui Serra,” essay, exhibition catalogue, Rui Serra, Galeria Fernando Santos, Oporto.

Getting Away with Murder: Paula Rego and the Crime of Father Amado, Birmingham: Delos Press.

Paula Rego e o Crime do Padre Amaro, Lisbon: Quetzal.

– (Untitled) in exhibition catalogue, Intimate Mosaic: New Work by Laura Arison and Jagjit Chuhan, University of Liverpool.

1998

One Hundred Days.jpg

– One Hundred Days, (Drawings and text from residency in Perth, Australia, in 1997), author’s edition, Lisbon.

– “Paula Rego', Arte Ibérica, 11, March.

– “Playthings of the Gods: The Magic Gardens of João Motta,” essay, in catalogue of exhibition João Motta, Museu do Azulejo, Lisbon.

– “A Insustentável Leveza de Parecer: Cindy Sherman’, Arte Ibérica, 18, October.

– (Untitled) in Irgendwo: José Luis Neto, Arquivo Fotográfico Municipal de Lisboa, Lisbon.

– “Giacometti: Uma Imoblidade ansiosa’, Arte Ibérica, 19, November.

– “Out of Africa: Olhar sobre as relações entre a arte contemporânea em Portugal e Africa,” Revista Belém, Autum/winter.

1997

– “Sicalypsis: The Work of Ricardo Wolfson’, essay, exhibition catalogue Ricardo Wolfson, Armazém 17, Lisbon.

– “Home Truths: The Work of Paula Rego,” essay in exhibition catalogue Paula Rego, Tate Gallery, Liverpool, and Centro Cultural de Belém, Lisbon.

Memento Mori: Nine Busts by Isa Dreyer Botelho, Lisbon: Arquivo Fotográfico.

– “Public Virtues, Private Vices: The Work of Ana Vidigal,” essay, exhibition catalogue Virtudes Públicas, Vícios Privados, Museu Nogueira da Silva, Universidade do Minho, Portugal.

– “Olu Oguibe and the Natives at Graz,” in Texte zur Kunst, 26, June.

– “To Have and to Hold: Recent Drawings by Terry Kurgan,” essay in exhibition catalogue, Terry Kurgan: Home Truths, Linda Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, July.
1996

– “Between the Lines,” catalogue essay for the exhibition Don’t Mess with Mister Inbetween: Fifteen Artists from South Africa, which I curated for Culturgest, Lisbon.

1995

– “A tentação de Cézanne’ (Cézanne's temptation); Revista Artes e Leilões, 35, Lisbon.

– “Those discreet objects of desire: the recent work of Jorge Aleixo,” catalogue essay, Beja, Portugal.

– “Identidade e Alteridade: A Bienal de Veneza,” Revista Artes e Leilões, 31, Lisbon.

– “António Dacosta: A nostalgia do sagrado,” Catalogue essay, Governo Regional dos Açores, Angra do Heroismo.

– “Inside Out,” frieze , 23, Summer, London.

– “A nova arte de Cuba,” Revista Artes e Leilões, 30, Lisbon.

– “De dentro para fora,” Revista Artes e Leilões, 29, Lisbon.

– “Contemplations: Ana Marchand and the Bhagavad Gita,” catalogue essay, Ana Marchand, Centre for Modern Art, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon.